Bogen Stereo Amplifier X600 User Manual

Black Max Amplifier  
X300, X450, & X600 Models  
Installation and Use Manual  
© 2005 Bogen Communications, Inc.  
All rights reserved.  
54-2063-01C 0506  
 
Contents  
Page  
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1  
Package Contents ........................................................................................................................................1  
PANEL DESCRIPTIONS..................................................................................................2-3  
Black Max Front Panel................................................................................................................................2  
Black Max Rear Panel..................................................................................................................................3  
INSTALLATION ..............................................................................................................4-5  
Mechanical Components............................................................................................................................4  
Ventilation ......................................................................................................................................................5  
Rack Mounting..............................................................................................................................................5  
Rear Rack Mounting....................................................................................................................................5  
Table Mounting ............................................................................................................................................5  
CONNECTIONS..................................................................................................................6  
Speakers..........................................................................................................................................................6  
Inputs ..............................................................................................................................................................6  
SEQUENTIAL TURN-ON..........................................................................................................................7  
Sequential Turn-On Operation..................................................................................................................7  
OPERATION ....................................................................................................................8-9  
Front Controls & Indicators......................................................................................................................8  
Rear Controls & Indicators ......................................................................................................................8  
TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................................................................10  
SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................11  
ii  
 
iii  
 
Introduction  
Bogen's Black Max™ amplifiers deliver on what professional sound installers need most: Power and Reliability.  
Power  
With three different models (X600, X450, and X300), the Black Max series provides 2 independent channels of  
amplification at 600W, 450W, and 300W per channel into 70V constant voltage speaker loads safely and securely.  
Located on the rear of the amplifier are the Level Controls,Low-Cut Filter Switch,and pluggable input terminal strip  
for each amplifier channel. These amplifiers are powerful (with total system power of 1200W, 900W and 600W  
with both channels driven), but they are also compact - using up only 2 rack spaces (3-1/2") in a standard 19" rack.  
Reliability and Functionality  
Driven by a conservatively-rated toroidal power transformer, these amplifiers are built for solid performance with  
low distortion and a high slew rate.The amplifiers require little maintenance and cleaning as internal electronic com-  
ponents are located outside of the forced air stream flow. Front-mounted fan filters provide easy removal and clean-  
ing.  
Black Max amplifiers have a variety of electronic protection circuits including overcurrent, DC voltage, and thermal  
circuits. A special Clip/Limiting circuit continuously monitors the amount of distortion in the output signal and  
reduces input levels as the amplifier approaches clipping. Back-Slope™ ACVoltage Stabilization, Bogen’s unique volt-  
age stabilization circuitry, regulates the AC energy supplied from the power toroid.This improves both system per-  
formance and reliability despite varying AC supply conditions.  
An energy-conserving sleep mode (defeatable) with instant-on return signal operation reduces wasted heat pro-  
duction in paging systems with intermittent use. In addition, large output heat sinks and dual independently-con-  
trolled, high-output, variable speed fans provide superior cooling and quiet operation while reducing dust accumu-  
lation.  
A simple and reliable sequential turn-on feature minimizes in-rush current from the AC power mains.When multi-  
ple Black Max amplifiers are daisy-chained together for sequential turn-on, the first amplifier in the series will con-  
trol the powering up of the other amplifiers with approximately 1 second of delay between units.Turning off the  
first amplifier causes all amplifiers to turn off.  
Package Contents  
* Black Max Amplifier (Model X600, X450, or X300)  
* 2 Rack Ears for Mounting  
* 2 Filters and Grilles  
* Instruction Manual  
* 4 Rubber Feet & Screws  
* 2 Three-position, 1 Four-position Terminal Strips  
1
 
Panel Descriptions  
Black Max Front Panel  
1. Status Indicators - The Status LEDs are multi-purpose indicators, one for each channel.  
Green - Amplifier is on and operating normally.  
Amber - Amplifier is in low-power consumption Sleep Mode.  
Red - Amplifier has protected itself due to a fault condition.  
2. Signal Indicators - These illuminate green when signal is present at the output, one for each channel.  
3. Limit Indicators - These indicators illuminate amber when excessive signal levels or very low impedance output loads  
cause output distortion to exceed a few percent. Under such conditions, a built-in Clip/Limiting circuit activates and  
reduces input signal levels to protect both amplifier and speaker loads. One for each channel.  
4. Power Switch/Circuit Breaker - Magnetic circuit breaker controls AC power to the amplifier.  
5. Fan Air Intake and Grilles - Air intakes for 2 independent, variable speed cooling fans. Each responds as needed to  
keep the amplifier cool while reducing dust build-up. Removable fan grilles are provided to allow access to the dust filters  
for cleaning.  
2
 
Panel Descriptions  
Black Max Rear Panel  
1. SpeakerTerminals - Connects to 70V constant voltage speaker loads. One set for each amplifier section.Accepts up to  
#10 AWG wire or spade lugs for speaker system connections.  
2. GroundTerminal - Provides convenient access to earth ground.  
3. Automatic Sleep Mode - Allows the unit to automatically put itself into a sleep mode when there has been no input  
activity for more than 3 minutes. In sleep mode, the amplifier’s idle power is greatly reduced. The amplifier immediately  
and noiselessly returns to its full-powered state when a signal is detected at an input. Flush switch actuators reduce tam-  
pering.  
4. CH B Input Select Switch - Allows output Channel B to source its input signal from either "A BAL INPUT" or "B BAL  
INPUT".  
5. Lo-Cut Filters - Roll off frequencies below 60 Hz (2nd order) to prevent saturation of speaker transformers.Flush switch  
actuators reduce tampering.  
6. Fan Exhausts - Cooling air outlets for independent, variable speed cooling fans.  
7. Line Cord - AC mains input line cord.  
8. AC Power Status Indicator - Indicates the AC power status of the Black Max amplifier.When the indicator is not lit,  
no AC power is applied to the line cord.When lit amber, power is applied to the line cord but no sequential trigger has  
been received to place the amplifier into a fully powered up state (or power switch is off).When lit green, the amplifier is  
fully powered.  
9. Power Sequencing Switch - Turns power sequencing on or off so that an amplifier can be controlled by either its front  
circuit breaker switch or by another Black Max amplifier. Flush switch actuators reduce tampering.  
10. Power Sequencing Inputs - Multiple Black Max amplifiers can be wired together in a daisy chain to allow for controlled  
sequential power-up.A pluggable screw terminal strip is provided for easy installation.  
11. Input Sensitivity Switch - Allows the unit to reach full power at either line-level input (1V) or low-level input (0.1V).  
12. High-Impedance Balanced Inputs - Pluggable 3-position screw terminal strips allow for easy installation and provide  
convenient connections to high-impedance balanced inputs.  
13. Input Level Controls - Continuously variable input level controls.  
3
 
Installation  
Mechanical Components  
1. Rack Ears - Prior to installing the amplifier into a 19" rack, you will need to attach the rack ears. Remove and save the 6  
front most cover screws on each side panel of the amplifier. Position the rack ears as shown and attach using the 6 screws.  
2. Dust Filter - Insert the dust filter into the fan grille before attaching the fan grille to the amplifier.  
Filter Maintenance  
Dust filters are provided with the Black Max amplifier to reduce the build up of dust on the heat sinks. Periodic clean-  
ing should be done when there is a noticeable build up of dust on the filters. To clean the filters, remove them from the  
grilles and wash, vacuum, or tap them out. Promptly replace them.  
Caution:  
The fan blades are accessible when the grille cover and filter are removed.  
Be careful not to place your finger or other objects into the fan.  
3. Fan Grille - To attach the fan grilles: first, slide the tabs on the wider end of the grille (A) in to the notches in the front,  
center casting of the amplifier. Snap the other end of the grille (B) in to the snap slots. Check that the grille is securely in  
place. To remove, pry the end of the cover closest to the rack ears up until the snap tabs disengage.  
4
 
Installation  
Ventilation  
The Black Max amplifiers were designed to be placed on a table or rack-mounted. For rack-mounted applications,  
the amplifiers can be stacked one on top of the other for maximum use of the rack space available without any  
extra, empty rack spaces between them.  
An open air space of at least 4" must be provided at the front air intakes of the amplifier and the rear exhaust must  
have at least 4" between itself and obstructions to ensure adequate cooling. This applies whether racked or  
table-mounted.  
Care should also be taken to ensure that the front intake air is not considerably warmer than the ambient air tem-  
perature. Mount the amplifiers low in the rack so that heat dissipation from other equipment does not warm the  
amplifier's intake air.  
Rack Mounting  
Rack ears are included with the amplifier to allow mount-  
ing in 19" racks. Attach the rack ears as shown in the  
Mechanical Components section. If any feet have been  
attached to the bottom of the amplifier, remove them.  
Load the amplifier into the rack and secure it to the rack  
with appropriate hardware (not included).  
Rear Rack Mounting  
(Optional accessory, not included)  
For greater rear support when rack mounting a Black Max  
amplifier, the RPK86 Rack Mounting Kit can be attached  
to the rear of the amplifier by following these steps:  
1. Remove and save the three rearmost cover screws  
from the chassis side.  
2. Position the rack attachment as shown.  
3. Replace and tighten the three cover screws to  
secure the rack attachments.  
4. Repeat on opposite side of amplifier.  
Table Mounting  
Feet are provided with the amplifier to allow it to be  
placed on a tabletop. Attach the included feet to the bot-  
tom of the amplifier as shown. Attachment of the rack  
ears to the unit is optional and purely aesthetic.  
5
 
Connections  
Speakers  
70V "Transformer-Coupled" Speakers  
The Black Max series was designed to drive only 70V constant voltage  
type speaker loads.The use of low-impedance speakers may cause the  
amplifier to engage its protection circuits and shut down or limit ampli-  
fier function. The speaker terminals can accept up to a #10 AWG wire  
or spade lug and have integral clamping plates which make wiring easier.  
The polarity of each set of speaker outputs (A & B) is indicated with a  
"+" and "-" sign. Use these indicators to ensure that the phasing of the  
speakers are correct. Do not ground the "+" output of either set of out-  
puts. Doing so will cause the amplifier to go into protect mode, shutting  
down operation of the effected channel.  
Note: The "+" and "-" indicators are mirrored on "A" and "B" outputs.  
Be sure to make the correct connections.  
Earth GroundTerminal  
The earth ground terminal is provided as a convenient means to con-  
nect to the amplifier’s chassis/AC ground, if necessary. DO NOT con-  
nect the earth ground terminal to the "+" terminals of either output.No  
damage will occur if this is done, but the amplifier will go into protect  
mode and shut down the effected channel.  
Inputs  
Balanced Input Connections  
Balanced input connections are used when the  
source device provides a balanced output (signal  
"+", signal "-", and ground "G").This type of connec-  
tion is desirable when operating in electrically noisy  
environments, where long input cable runs are  
needed, or to ensure the lowest noise operation. If  
compatible with the source device, this type of con-  
nection is recommended.  
Unbalanced Input Connections  
When the source device provides only an unbal-  
anced output (signal and ground), the input should  
be wired with "-" input shorted to ground (G).The  
unbalanced signal's shield wire is connected to  
ground and the signal hot wire is connected to the  
"+" terminal. Since unbalanced connections do not  
provide the same amount of noise immunity that a  
balanced connection does, the connection distances  
should be made as short as possible.  
6
 
SequentialTurn-On  
SequentialTurn-On Operation  
Black Max amplifiers contain a sequential turn-on feature that is designed to turn on a bank of Black Max amplifiers,  
one at a time, in sequence with approximately 1 second between each amplifier. This type of sequencing of power  
is necessary in large systems where the in-rush current of all the system amplifiers turning on at once would over-  
load the AC mains supplying the system.  
The first amplifier in the chain will act as the master amplifier controlling the power-up for the group.When it is  
switched on, it will initiate the power up sequence.  
To prepare/wire multiple Black Max amplifiers for sequential turn-on operation, do the following:  
Preparation & Wiring  
Turn off all amplifiers and unplug from AC.  
The amps should be wired together in a daisy chain fashion.  
Wire the XMT connections of one amp to the RCV con-  
nections of the next amp as shown in the diagram.This pat-  
tern is continued until all the desired amplifiers are connect-  
ed.The last amplifier in the chain has no connections on its  
XMT terminals, and the first amplifier has no connection to  
its RCV terminals.  
Note: The RCV and XMT terminals have both polarity and  
number indicators. In daisy chaining the amplifiers, the same  
connection pattern is used: Pin 4 ("+") XMT of the previous  
amp to Pin 2 ("+") RCV of the next amp and Pin 3 ("-") XMT  
of the previous amp to Pin 1 ("-") RCV of the next amp.  
Switch Settings  
The position of the Power Sequencing Switch of the Black  
Max is important in sequencing setup.The master amplifier’s  
Power Sequencing Switch MUST be set to OFF.By setting the  
switch to OFF, this amplifier will turn on and off directly by  
its front Power Switch. All other amplifiers in the chain  
MUST have their Power Sequencing switches in the ON  
position so that they respond to the sequencing signals. All  
slave amplifiers MUST have their front Power Switch set to  
the ON position, with the exception of the master amplifier.  
To Begin the Power Up Sequence  
Turn on the first amplifier in the chain. All others will follow  
in sequence with a 1 second delay between them.  
Power Down of Sequenced Amplifiers  
When the first amplifier in the chain of sequenced amplifiers  
is switched off, all other amplifiers will also switch off imme-  
diately.  
Troubleshooting Sequencing Problems  
If an amplifier in the chain does not have its front Power Switch set to ON, it will not power up. However, all other  
amps that follow that amplifier will continue to sequence. If an amplifier in the chain does not have its Power  
Sequencing Switch in the ON position, it will break the daisy chain. It will, in effect, become a second master ampli-  
fier controlling all amps that follow it. In this case, if the Power Switch for this amp is switched off, the sequencing  
will stop at that amplifier. If this amplifier’s Power Sequencing Switch is set to ON, then all amplifiers following it will  
have already begun to sequence.  
Should an amplifier in the sequence shut off either by tripping its circuit breaker or by someone turning the Power  
Switch OFF, only that amplifier will lose power.All units that follow will remain powered up. If however,AC power  
is removed from an amplifier by unplugging the power cord,all other amps following it will immediately power down.  
An amplifier in the chain going into or coming out of low power sleep mode will have no effect on the group.  
7
 
Operation  
Front Controls & Indicators  
Power Switch  
The Power Switch for the Black Max amplifier is located on the front of the  
unit. Press the "I" side of the switch to turn the unit ON.The amplifier will  
begin its power up process once turned on. If the amplifier is set up for  
power sequencing (see the section on power sequencing), the amplifier may  
not begin its power up process but rather wait in a standby state until it  
receives a sequence trigger.  
O
I
The Power Switch is also the amplifier’s circuit breaker. Should the breaker  
trip, simply place it in the OFF position and then back to ON to reset the  
breaker.  
Note: If the Power Sequencing Switch is in the ON position, but the wiring is  
not properly configured, the unit will appear dead.Review the SequentialTurn-  
On section for proper wiring.  
Front Indicators  
The front of the Black Max amplifier contains 3 different types of indicators  
for each channel.  
LIMIT - When illuminated, it indicates a condition in which the amplifier is  
limiting and automatically reducing signal level to reduce the overload con-  
dition. Limiting is a result of speaker load impedances that are too low or  
input signals that are too high, which drive the outputs beyond their opera-  
tional ranges.  
SIGNAL - When illuminated, it indicates that there is signal at the output.  
STATUS - Illuminates in three different colors to indicate current opera-  
tional status of the amplifier.  
Green -  
Amber -  
Indicates that the amplifier is operating normally.  
Indicates that the amplifier is in Sleep mode.  
Red  
-
Indicates a fault condition and that the amplifier has  
disconnected the output load as a safety precaution.  
Rear Controls & Indicators  
Level Controls  
Use the rear-mounted Level Controls on the Black Max amplifier to adjust  
output volume of each channel independently.  
Lo-Cut Switch  
The Lo-Cut filter allows a low frequency roll-off starting at 60 Hz to be  
introduced into the signal path preventing the speakers from receiving too  
much low frequency content.The Lo-Cut Filter Switch should be turned on  
when using typical inexpensive, transformer-coupled cone-type speakers  
found in paging systems.  
The Black Max amplifier is a direct-coupled amplifier,which means that there  
are no output transformers used to deliver the 70V audio to the speakers.  
Because of this, the Black Max amplifier has a flat frequency response down  
to and below 20 Hz.This extended low frequency operation can be trou-  
blesome for some transformer-coupled speakers used in 70V audio systems.  
Relatively inexpensive transformers used in some speakers cannot handle  
frequencies below 60 Hz.When frequencies lower than this are applied to  
these speakers’ transformers, they can saturate causing distortion and high  
instantaneous power consumption.  
8
 
Operation  
Sleep Switch  
The Black Max amplifier includes a sleep mode feature that greatly reduces  
the power consumption of the amplifier after it has been idle (no audio  
activity) for more than 3 minutes. Any audio activity present at the input  
will power up the amplifier instantaneously and noiselessly, so that there is  
no loss of audio.The Sleep Switch is located on the rear of the unit.The  
sleep feature is activated by setting the switch to theAUTO position.Setting  
the switch to the OFF position will inhibit the amplifier from ever entering  
sleep mode.  
Power Sequencing Switch  
The setting of the Power Sequencing Switch on the rear of the Black Max  
amplifier determines how the amplifier will power up.When the switch is  
set to the OFF position, the amplifier will power up and down convention-  
ally when the front Power Switch is turned ON and OFF.  
To use the sequencing feature built into the amplifier, the Power Sequencing  
Switch must be placed in the ON position on a slave amplifier. The slave  
amplifier will now power up when it receives the proper trigger through the  
terminal strip wiring (see section SequentialTurn-OnWiring for proper wiring  
of the power sequencing terminal strip).With the Power Sequencing Switch  
in the ON position, placing the front Power Switch in the ON position will  
not result in the amplifier turning on.It will instead remain in a standby state  
until triggered through the sequencing feature.  
Power Status Indicator  
A Power Status Indicator is provided on the rear of the amplifier.The Black  
Max amplifier has different states of powering up, depending on whether  
power sequencing is used or not.The Power Status Indicator provides 3 dif-  
ferent status indications:  
Not Lit - Indicates that the unit is not plugged in or is not being supplied  
AC power at the line cord.  
Amber - Indicates that the unit is in standby state where it is being sup-  
plied with AC power at the line cord but it has either: 1) not  
received the sequencing trigger that will allow it to change to  
the fully-powered state if the Power Sequencing Switch is set  
to ON, or 2) the front Power Switch has not been turned ON  
if the Power Sequencing Switch is set to the OFF position.  
Green - Fully-powered, the unit has either: 1) received the sequencing  
trigger if the Power Sequencing Switch is set to the ON posi-  
tion, or 2) the unit’s front panel Power Switch has been turned  
ON if the Power Sequencing Switch is set to the OFF position.  
CH B Input Select Switch  
Determines whether the amplifier's output channel 'B' sources its input  
signal from "B BAL INPUT" or "A BAL INPUT" connectors.  
Note: When set to "IN A", "B BAL INPUT" connector and CH B "Input  
Sens" Switch are not active, but CH B level control and Lo-Cut Switch  
do work.  
Input Sensitivity Switch  
Each input has a user-selectable sensitivity switch.When operating with  
standard line-level source equipment, the input should be set for 1V.  
When operating with low-level source equipment, the input should be  
set for 0.1V.  
9
 
Troubleshooting  
PROBLEM  
CONDITION  
CAUSE  
• Amplifier not plugged in  
• AC outlet dead  
Rear Power Status LED is off.  
UNIT APPEARS  
DEAD  
(NO FRONT  
• Power Switch off  
• Breaker (Power Switch) tripped  
- Turn off, then turn back on  
Power Sequencing Switch set wrong  
- Check SequentialTurn-On section for proper configuration  
Rear Power Status LED  
is amber.  
STATUS LED)  
Master amplifier ON (Rear  
Power Status is green),  
slave amplifiers in chain not  
powering ON (Rear Power  
Status is off).  
• No AC power to amplifier  
SEQUENCING  
NOT  
FUNCTIONING  
CORRECTLY  
Master amplifier ON (Rear  
Power Status is green),  
slave amplifiers in chain not  
powering ON (Rear Power  
Status is amber).  
• Power Switch is off on slave amp  
• Breaker (Power Switch) tripped  
- Turn off, then turn back on  
Rear Power Sequencing Switch is not ON  
• Error in Sequencing wiring between amplifiers  
• Level Controls turned down  
• No signal from source  
• CH B Input Select not set or wired properly  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is off.  
NO SOUND  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is green.  
Limit LED is off.  
• Poor/broken speaker wiring  
• Defective speakers  
• Input signal level too high  
• Poor speaker connections  
• Lo-Cut Switch set to Flat  
• Input Sensitivity Switch not set correctly  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is green.  
Limit LED is off.  
DISTORTED  
SOUND  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is green.  
Limit LED is amber (on or  
flashing).  
• Speaker transformers saturating at low frequencies, Lo-Cut  
filter off, need additional Hi-Pass filtering  
• Below minimum load rating on output  
• Exceeding maximum power output rating  
• DC level at signal input  
• Load impedance too low  
• Amplifier speaker output is short-circuited  
• Amplifier too hot (check for proper ventilation clearances)  
INTERMITTENT  
OPERATION  
Status LED is red/green cycling.  
• Poor electrical connections at input  
• Input cable routed near AC cables, power transformer, or  
other EMI radiating devices  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is green.  
• Electrically noisy devices operating on the same AC circuit  
• Poor equipment grounding  
NOISE/HUM  
- Ensure that all AC safety grounds are connected  
- Make sure that all components in audio chain are tied to the  
same ground  
10  
 
Specifications  
X600  
X450  
X300  
Power Output*  
600W /Ch @ 70V  
450W / Ch @ 70V  
1V/0.1V  
300W / Ch @ 70V  
Input Sensitivity (selectable)  
S/N Ratio (20 kHz BW)  
Class of Operation  
104 dB ref. 70V, F.P.  
H
20A line cord  
15A line cord  
15A line cord  
Connector:  
Power  
Input  
Pluggable 3-pin terminal strips  
5-pin "touch-proof" Barrier Strip  
20 Hz - 40 kHz .5% THD  
less than .02%  
Output  
Power Bandwidth  
THD @ 1 kHz Rated Power  
Rated Load Impedance (per Ch.)  
Frequency Response @ 1 watt  
Output Regulation  
Inputs  
8 ohms  
11 ohms  
16 ohms  
20 Hz- 20 kHz 0.25 dB  
1.5 dB @ 70V  
100k-ohm electronically balanced, 3-pin pluggable terminals strip  
60 Hz, 2nd order roll-off, switch defeatable per channel  
95-130V AC, 60 Hz  
Low-Cut Filter  
AC InputVoltage Range  
AC Current Rating (full power)*  
AC Voltage  
20A  
15A  
12A  
120V AC, 60 Hz  
Indicators  
Status, Limit, Signal,AC Power Status (Rear)  
15° to 105° F  
Temperature Range  
Cooling  
Dual Forced AirVariable Speed Fan  
17" W x 3-1/2" H x 18-1/4" D  
Physical Dimensions (W x H x D)  
Product Weight  
46 lb.  
44 lb.  
41 lb.  
Protection  
RF, DC, Low-frequency,Thermal, Low-impedance, Circuit Breaker, Short Circuit  
Sequential Turn-On Circuitry (defeatable), Sleep Mode (defeatable),  
Back-Slope™ ACVoltage regulation,Toroidal Power Transformer, Input Sens, CH B Input Select  
Special Features  
* Both channels driven at nominal line voltage 120V AC, 60 Hz.  
11  
 
50 Spring Street, Ramsey, NJ 07446, U.S.A.  
Tel. 201-934-8500; Fax: 201-934-9832; www.bogen.com  
 

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